Both Canada and the United States have been discreetly monitoring two Chinese icebreaking research vessels in Arctic waters off Alaska for the past few weeks. The Chinese ships, Xue Long (Snow Dragon) and Xue Long 2, navigated through the U.S. exclusive economic zone in the Bering Sea in July as reported by the U.S. Coast Guard. The recurring presence of Chinese research vessels in the Arctic Ocean in recent years has raised concerns among security and defense authorities.
Recent data from independent research consultant and ship tracker, Steffan Watkins, reveals that a Royal Canadian Air Force CP-140 surveillance aircraft has been operational in Alaska since early July. The Department of National Defence confirmed on Friday that the Canadian Joint Operations Command is actively monitoring the activities of the Chinese vessels in coordination with the U.S.
The Canadian Defence spokesperson Cheryl Forrest stated that both Chinese vessels are currently operating outside of Canada’s exclusive economic zone. Last year, Canada initiated Operation Latitude to enhance monitoring of northern waters and collaboration with Pacific allies, including activities in the Bering Sea off Alaska. The Royal Canadian Navy has deployed the frigate HMCS Ottawa, Arctic offshore ships HMCS Max Bernays and HMCS Robert Hampton Gray, along with the air force’s surveillance aircraft and the participation of Canadian Special Operations Forces Command personnel and the icebreaker CCGS Des Groseilliers.
While China insists its icebreakers are deployed for scientific research and environmental monitoring, concerns arise as these vessels have been known to deploy advanced sonar and telemetry buoys that can track submarine activity. Canada, playing a crucial role in the western Pacific, faces limitations due to the aging fleet of frigates and coast guard ships. The backbone of the Royal Canadian Navy, the Halifax-class patrol frigates, aged between 30 and 40 years, is under strain.
The House of Commons defence committee members visited the Arctic in July, emphasizing the need for increased surveillance in the region to monitor China’s growing interest. Investments in new destroyers, Arctic-capable submarines, and an undersea sensor network signify the government’s commitment to safeguard sovereignty. Urgency is emphasized as Russia and China challenge maritime claims in the Far North, highlighting the importance of protecting Arctic resources and defending against adversarial intrusions.